Toxic Elements in Food: Occurrence, Binding, and Reduction Approaches

Toxic Elements in Soils

MAMMALS and birds sometimes seek shelter or nesting sites in the ground. Many of them scarcely affect the soil as a medium for plant growth. A notable exception is the soil-dwelling rodents. Although their acreweight is usually only about a few pounds even in the uncultivated land, their soil transporting activities sometimes are considerable. In building their tunnels and nests, they transport...

Toxic Elements in Commercial Infant Food, Estimated Dietary Intake, and Risk Assessment in Poland

This paper presents results of heavy metals determination in infant foods available in Poland during a monitoring programme in 2009-13. This study investigated levels of lead, cadmium, arsenic, and mercury in infant formulae and other infant foods intended for consumption during the first 6 to 12 months of life, and an intake of heavy metals was assessed. Food consumption data based on the arti...

Trace and Toxic Elements Accumulation in Food Chain Representatives at Livingston Island (Antarctica)

synthesis of 3-aryl-2h-benzo[b]-1,4-oxazines in [omim]bf4 and reduction of organic compounds in methylimidazolium formate

در این پروژه ترکیبات 3-آریل-2h-بنزو[b]-4،1-اکسازین ها از مواد اولیه تجاری مشتقات دو آمینو فنول و ?-هالو کتون های آروماتیک در مایع یونی 1-اکتیل-3-متیل ایمیدازولیوم تترا فلورو بورات([omim]bf4) سنتز شده است. این واکنش توسط باز پتاسیم کربنات محلول از طریق o-آلکیلاسیون و سپس یک واکنش آمیداسیون درون مولکولی خود بخود در مدت زمان کوتاه انجام می شود. ترکیبات 4،1-بنزوکسازین به این روش با بهره خوب تا آلی ...

Occurrence of Aflatoxins in Food

Mycotoxins are natural contaminants in raw materials, food and feeds [1]. Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites produced by different species of toxigenic fungi, called mycotoxins. The discovery of aflatoxins dates back to the year 1961 following the severe outbreak of turkey “X” disease, in the England, which resulted in the deaths of more than 100.000 turkeys and other farm animals. The cause of t...